'JUST LIKE DAMASCUS'

Berlin's wild charms make it first choice for Syrian artists.

From sculptors to actors and filmmakers, Berlin has become a magnet for Syrian artists fleeing their country's brutal violence to a place where they can express themselves without fear.

While Beirut and Paris have long been the destinations of choice for Arab artists, the German capital has in recent years earned a reputation as a more adventurous, progressive alternative for exiled creators.

As well as offering affordable spaces to live and work, Berlin is "the city of anarchy and rock", says Ziad Adwan, an actor and director who arrived two years ago after spells in jail back home.

Once divided by its infamous wall, reunification energised Berlin as young people who grew up yearning to escape the stifling former East Germany met West German peers who had moved to the city for its special status that exempted them from military service.

The combination produced an open-minded atmosphere -- and an uninhibited party culture -- that continues to lure artists from all over the world.

Syrians have proved to be no exception.

"The Berlin cultural scene has certainly taken on a new tone," says Syrian Ali Kaaf, who has lived in Berlin for the past 16 years and teaches at the well-regarded Weissensee fine arts school.

He helps around 20 refugee students each semester to find places in art schools, put together portfolios or recreate those lost in the chaos of their escape and arduous journey to Europe.

'JUST LIKE DAMASCUS'

Once the essentials of life -- having a place to sleep and food to eat -- are out of the way, many of the new arrivals find themselves among familiar faces.

"Some of my students from the Damascus drama school where I used to teach now live in refugee homes," says Adwan.

"It's just like Damascus here," agrees photographer and journalist Doha Hassan, who has found old friends and acquaintances from the Syrian capital among her 600,000 compatriots who have fled to Germany since the war broke out in 2011.

Still, Egyptian Basma El-Husseiny says that "it can be very hard for those who have just arrived to find their way" to resuming their studies or exhibiting works in German institutions.

An activist with two decades of experience in the arts, she founded the charity Action for Hope that helps refugee artists through the thicket of German bureaucracy.

Meanwhile, Adwan and German publisher Mario Muenster have come together to produce an English-language magazine, A Syrious Look, aimed at linking up the new Syrian diaspora with young German artists.

OUT IN THE OPEN

What refugee artists have to express is often marked by the war within Syria's borders -- and by their own experiences on the long road to escape that conflict.

Under Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, the ruling Baath Party ideology was forced on art schools, and some artists say the institutions were also riddled with corruption.

"Artists used to use symbols" to criticise the powerful for fear of the censors, Adwan says. "Today, they can just try things out openly."

One of the works by artist Sulafa Hijazi shows a woman's naked body, supine and legs splayed as she gives birth to a rifle.

Another illustration features a skull-topped sewing machine stitching red thread into a camouflage uniform.

Some creatives have gone through subtler transformations.

"I used to write dark, depressing pieces," muses Rasha Abbas, a writer who won a grant from a foundation in Stuttgart.

"It seems strange but since I'm here, my writing is full of humour," she says, a smile playing across her face framed by waves of dark hair.

Some comfort on the path into an unknown future is the fact that they are living in a city, Berlin, which has had to reinvent itself from scratch.

"Damascus today is how Berlin was at the end of the war," Muenster says.

"No one can imagine that Damascus could be a capital of culture in 50 years, but no one could have imagined that for Berlin in 1945."

YOUSSEF ABDELKÉ

YOUSSEF ABDELKÉ Bleak and Black Opening: 10 November 2016 Ausstellung: 11 November 2016 - 14 January 2017 

Youssef Abdelké Born in Qameshli (Syria) in 1951. Studies at the Faculty of Arts, Damascus, 1976. Studies at the École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts, Paris, 1986. PhD  in Arts, Université Paris VIII, 1989.

 He lived and worked in Paris as from 1981 until his return to Damascus in 2005. After 25 years of compelled exile and of being forbidden to go back to Syria, it was finally possible for  him to go to Damascus in 2005 and to organise a large exhibition there. Since 2010, his Syrian passport was confiscated and he could neither exit the country nor return to France where his wife and daughter live. 

The works of Youssef Abdelké are in a large number of museums and institutions, including The British Museum in London and the Institut du Monde Arabe in Paris. Youssef Abdelké was arrested in Syria on the 18th of July 2013 by the régime forces, and liberated five weeks later on the 22nd of August. 

YOUSSEF ABDELKÉ by Alain Jouffroy A great observer of living phenomena, a meticulous, disciplined and methodical engraver, yet also a poet with images, Abdelké first depicted groups of humans wearing masks over their faces, actors looking for authors, just like Pirandello’s characters. He placed them in the night, a terribly dark night, where death and monsters were omnipresent. That was his ‘human comedy’, a tragic comedy from which the grotesque was never excluded.

Humans progressively disappeared whilst animals and plants loomed from that same night. Their presence is so significant that you can almost touch them or skim them with the eyes.

There is no hyper-realism in all this, not even ‘realism’, in the traditional sense of that word: everything happens as if he was re-inventing, with each line, nature, a sort of encyclopedia of natural phenomena which is done with care and at a slow pace. 

His vision is so intense that you have the impression of waking up from a dream when looking at his works. It is as if you had never really seen, in depth and in relief, what a simple fish is. Abdelké penetrates the skull, or the fish, or a woman’s shoe, just like Michaux ‘entered’ in an apple. Maybe he had ripped apart the fish before reconstituting it.

Hence he never ‘represents’ the fish, the woman’s shoe or the ox’s skull : he ressuscitates them. This is his power to fascinate : everything is destined to die and to disappear, yet everything can be saved, as if from a deluge. Each living phenomenon is a material miracle, a treasure and an enigma. Such a surprise it is when you rediscover it ! I do not know how he manages in order to reach it. Observation and the utmost attention are not enough.

 Everything happens as if he wanted to re-invent the world, protect it for good from offence, indifference and omission. It is as if he was himself dead in front of the ox’s skull and that he wanted all living phenomena to replace him, the Syrian engraver. It is not ‘Abdelké’ who interests him but rather everything that Abdelké isn’t, everything that will survive to Abdelké and everything that goes beyond, far beyond, Abdelké. I am sure that Baudelaire would have been impressed by his engravings and that he would have dedicated them poems and enthusiastic texts.

There will always be day, night, and light, at least for another couple of billion years or so, and there will always be darkness. It is in that light and in that darkness that Abdelké works, similar to a candle’s glimmer, a simple little candle, flickering in its candle-holder. When he reaches this result, which I call resurrection, he smiles, he is happy, he stops and puts down his chisel ; no point in adding anything. It lives or it doesn’t live. It emerges, it re-emerges or it does not emerge.

The entire question of art lies there. Actually, the word ‘art’ is inadequate. It is not a matter of art, but rather of a metamorphosis of death into a live existance. Abdelké’s fish is not a fish : it is an arrow, a beam, a breath, a whispered call to life. Yet it is also a fish – I don’t know maybe a salmon, a sardine or a pike. But it flies like a bird in the night in which we find ourselves once again immersed. In a large charcoal drawing on canvas, he drew the head of a fish in a box and that massive head stares at us, as if the image of death was more alive for Abdelké than that of life. King of Darkness. 

Profile of Syrian painter Youssef Abdelké (Syria Today Magazine) Artist Youssef Abdelké’s highly acclaimed work is renowned for its sinister undertones and unique symbolism which expose the brutalities of life. Based in Paris, the Syrian painter breaks with tradition through his unique approach to still life drawing. His intriguing works have turned heads the world over, selling in such international auction houses as Christie’s and Sotheby’s.

In addition, his long-awaited exhibition in Damascus in December 2007 generated huge interest among art lovers. Trivial items such as a nail, a fish or a shoe are the focal point of Abdelké’s works. “In order for a bone fragment, a dish or an empty sardine to do what a king and his horse or a woman and her possessions usually did, the artist is required to exert exceptional efforts and to display great skills,” art critic Emil Manaem writes in his introduction to Abdelké’s book. “In his drawings, Abdelké allows simple things in life to impose their sovereignty over spaces, pushing them from the very beginning from the realm of realism to the realm of symbolism."

According to Manaem, true artistic talent does not reveal itself in the way a fish is drawn or the manner in which its details are captured, but in its power to make the fish an expression or a symbol of life. “A fish embodies free movement and the vast sea. In the fish, there is both coherence with place and the impossibility of living outside it,” writes Manaem.“

In its eternally wide-open eyes, there is a blatant challenge and condemnation of death.” When the fish is depicted sliced open or pierced by nails, the brutality of this image conveys an underlying message about the world. Symbolism has always been integral to Abdelké’s vision. His early ink drawings were full of symbols expressing clear-cut political messages. The ‘People’ series from the 1980-90s expressed oppression in the Arab world with its images of jails, guards, crowds of people and horses. “I revealed the darkness I felt inside in my ‘People’ series,” Abdelké said. “This helped me move on to more positive and peaceful projects"

However, Abdelké’s harsh style and severity of subjects remained, even in his still life drawings in the form of skulls, bones and sharp knives. “Artists can’t change their skin even if they change their subject matter,” Abdelké explained. Abdelké’s concept of space has however changed. “I’ve been inspired by the philosophy of people in South East Asia. They see man as a small part of the universe; space in their paintings reflects the huge space we have in our universe. Europeans on the other hand, see man as the centre of the world, that’s why you find their paintings full of people and elements,” Abdelké said. 

Abdelké now integrates both European and Eastern perspectives into his paintings. “Europeans developed scientific rules for perspective so that things would look the same as in reality,” Abdelké said. “Easterners like the Arabs, Turks, and Chinese ignore perspective; they paint the most important elements of their paintings in a bigger size regardless of how they see look in reality.” Finally, after more than 20 years of living and working in France, Abdelké is returning to Syria. “Unlike many of my friends, I never planned to settle down in Paris,” he said. “I’ve always wanted to come back to my homeland, Syria.”

Tino Sehgal, Asad Raza, Hans Ulrich Obrist - A stroll through a fun palace

Tino Sehgal performance @ Martin Gropius Bau

Zaki Naciri

Collage from Zaki Naciri's place



 

The desert flower of Tamegroute (PHOTOS)
Banner Icon ART "I left Tamegroute with the firm conviction that one day this artist must exhibit his art in the big cities," writes Victor Argo after an unexpected encounter in the Sahara.
It was raining in the Sahara. I postponed my desert trip and travelled to Tamegroute instead, 20 kilometers south of Zagora in Morocco’s Draa River valley. The road to Zagora was a long stretch through barren lands. Stones, sand, then stones again; grey, brown, or a mixture of both, resisting the usually scorching sun.

Tamegroute itself was a town with little cheer and a population of about 6,000. It had been known as a religious center since the 11th century. The town’s only tourist attraction was the Quranic library – one of the richest in Northern Africa – that featured a Quran dating back to 1063 and original writings of Avicenna, Ibn Rushd and El Khwarizmi. The library was a great treasure. The treasures’ display however was as cheerless as the town.

Sometimes it is in the saddest places where the sun shines brightest. The real treasure of Tamegroute lay in Zaki Naciri’s unpretentious pottery and paintings shop on the main road back to Zagora. I stopped the car and entered. Walking past the pottery, I stumbled over a painting lying on the floor in the Tamegroute dust. In Zaki’s makeshift studio more of his paintings were hanging on the walls or lay rolled up on tables. This, right here, was a discovery.

What I was missing outside, I found inside this dusty workshop: an abundance of colors and forms, created and arranged by a painter whose brush was close to his heart. Was this naïve? Was this expressionist art? I didn’t care. Attempts at defining art often reduce the creative output to a mere label that only satisfies the non-imaginative.


Zaki Naciri was 53 years old, as he told me, and he had left secondary school at the age of 14. His ancestors had been Marabouts, Sufi Muslim teachers who had headed a religious school in Tamegroute. The school still exists today, in the same building as the library.

“What is your motivation for painting?” I asked him. “How did you start?”

“I always drew,” he replied. “In school, I started with pens and pencils. I was drawing lines. Later I used brushes and mixed my own colors.”

“There is a lot going on in my head,” Zaki continued. “Thoughts, the people of my town, the hope for a better life. Some time ago I saw a program on TV discussing violence against women in Morocco. It inspired me to do a new painting.”

‘The Rape’ is one of Zaki Naciri’s strongest works. On a dark blue background it shows a body, a lap maybe, with a multitude of heads, faces, arms, fingers and eyes, all in the color of the flesh. And right in the middle, crawling over the body, Zaki Naciri painted a big black spider.

 
No different than in other countries, violence against women is a problem in Morocco, Human Rights Watch says. A 2010 national survey of women aged 18 to 65 found that 63% of the women had been a victim of physical, psychological, sexual or economic violence in the previous year. 55% of these women reported conjugal violence. Only 3% of those who had experienced conjugal violence had notified the authorities.

On March 17, 2016, Moroccan lawmakers finally passed a bill that had been in limbo for more than ten years, addressing the violence against women. Still, according to an article in Newsweek, the critics are not happy with it. It doesn’t criminalize instances of marital rape nor does it protect victims from their attackers until the investigation phase is complete. It also fails to provide health care and housing to female victims who find themselves with no safe haven.

Zaki Naciri is an artist with a sensory awareness of his environment. Before or after ‘The Rape’ – I didn’t ask him exactly when – he painted ‘Divorced Women’; their number is increasing in all of Morocco, said Zaki, couples break up because of social problems (and probably also because of a law passed in 2004 that for the first time allowed women to file for divorce). And he painted ‘The Kasbah’, the place where people meet, with eyes that express joy, and ladders, a recurring motive in Zaki Naciri’s art, that lead to a higher ground. Then there is ‘Les Femmes Berbères’, celebrating the Berber women of Morocco, their beauty, their perfect skin and their good health, emphasized by the red cheeks.

‘Les Femmes Berbères’


'Divorced Women'

“Did you ever exhibit your paintings?” I asked Zaki.

“Never,” he said. “Well, only here in Tamegroute, four years ago. Nobody bought a piece.”

In the meantime, Noâmane, Zaki’s son, had joined our discussion. My father has an extravagant personality, he said, he is odd and does strange stuff. People here think that he is somewhat crazy.

‘Mahboula’, the mad woman, was the nickname of Morocco’s most famous painter, Chaïbia Tallal. She was born to a peasant family in rural Morocco. A wife at 13, widowed at 15, she was an illiterate single mother who only in her thirties took up painting. Chaïbia’s art and the creations of Zaki Naciri have much in common. Their style is an ‘art brut’, an outsider’s art, free of restrictions from scholarly concepts. They paint as they see it.

Surely, Zaki Naciri must have heard about Chaïbia, his fellow Moroccan. But had he heard about COBRA, a European avant-garde movement founded in the 1940s that drew its inspiration in particular from children’s drawings and other forms of art dubbed ‘primitive’?

“I am self taught,” Zaki said. “I never studied and I never went to art school. I consider my style abstract and everyone can see in my paintings what he wants to see. Is that COBRA?”

I left Tamegroute with the firm conviction that one day this artist must exhibit his art in the big cities. The uniformity of the desert had given way to the beauty of the women, the colors of the earth and the stories of the people. It was raining in the Sahara and I had found a desert flower.

Yazan Halwani

Semaan Khawam Art.

new faces from Semaan Khawam

Born in Lebanon in 1974, Semaan Khawam continues to live and work in Beirut.  The self-taught multidisciplinary Khawam is a painter, sculptor, graffiti and installation artist whose work is informed by the daily reality of the city that he lives in.

Khawam’s uses his work to draw attention to political contradictions, social injustice, the lack of cultural appreciation and other uncomfortable  realities.  Early in 2012, he spray painted an armed soldier on a wall in Gemmayzeh to remind people of the Lebanese Civil War, something that he feels has been forgotten.  His arrest for this act drew international attention to the limits on free speech and artistic expression that Khawam and other Lebanese artists work within inadvertently but also ironically reinforcing his earlier messages.

In addition to being a visual artist, the multi-talented Khawam is also an actor, director, script-writer, prop designer for film and theatre, poet and internationally-published writer.  His art has been exhibited in Lebanon and Europe.

http://thebirdman1.tumblr.com/

and the birds

Lebanese painters

A collective exhibition featuring the works of four Lebanese painters — Zeina Badran, Fatat Bahmad, Ali Chams, and Issa Halloum — opened at the Hamazkayin Lucy Tutunjian Art Gallery on 12 December 2013, at 7:00 p.m. The exhibition is being held under the patronage of H.E. Mr. Nehmé Tohme, Member of Parliament.


 

the world has become so small that you can actually know all those you meet, if you will. No person is longer "a stranger", unless you explicitly want it that way. The world is you. Grab life in the world and live a good life.

Walid Siti

Walid Siti /Biography

Walid Siti was born in 1954, in the city of Duhok, in Iraqi-Kurdistan. After graduating in 1976 from the Institute of Fine arts in Baghdad, Siti left Iraqto continue his arts education in Ljubljana, Slovenia before seeking political asylum in 1984 in the United Kingdom where he still works and lives. Formerly trained in printmaking, Siti works extensively in a variety of mediums including, installation, painting and work on paper.

His work developed in response to the ongoing upheaval of conflict and processes of transformation prevalent in the Middle East. Siti takes inspiration from the cultural heritage of his native land that is crisscrossed with militarized borders and waves of migration. Mountains, stones and historic cultural elements feature prominently in his work, symbolising collective strength, sanctuary and the power of monolithic forces. Siti’s work increasingly considers the tensions between collective identity, interdependence and its constraints on the individualthrough considerations of heritage, tradition, homes, borders, mobility and migration. These themes have had an imprint on his outlook, and contributed to both his art and life.

Solo Exhibitions include, 2014 Moiz Zilberman Gallery, Istanbul, “New Babylon” . Edge of Arabia, London, “Reconstruction”. Taymour Grahne Gallery, New York, NY “Parallel Realms”. XVA, Dubai, ‘ Rite of Passage’. Taymour Grahne Gallery, New York. XVA Gallery, Dubai. 2013 Amed Art Gallery, Diyarbakir, Turkey, 2011 Rose Issa Projects, London. XVA Gallery, Dubai. Merg Gallery, Erbil. 2010 Sardam Gallery, Sulaimania. Duhok Gallery, Duhok. 2009 XVA Gallery, Dubai. 2008 Leighton House Museum, London. 2004 Salman’s Gallery, Duhok. 2002 Arcola Gallery, London. 2001 Oriel Canfas, Cardiff. 1998 Diorama Gallery, London. 1996 Leighton House Museum, London. 1992 Midland Arts Centre, Birmingham.

Selected Group Exhibitionsinclude,

 2015, ‘Written Cities’part of the Triennial of Bruges, 2014 THE SEVEN VALLEYS, Rose Issa Project, London. Hajj: Journey to Mecca, Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, Qatar, The Paper Show, XVA, Dubai, 3013. “Systems and Patterns”, International Centre of Graphics, Ljubljana, Slovenia, ‘Echoes from Periphery’ Palazzo Granfei-Nervegna-Brindisi, Italy, 54th International Art Exhibition, Pavilion of Iraq, Venice. 2012, “Hajj exhibition” the British Museum, London. 2011, 54th Venice International Art Biennale, Pavilion of Iraq. Take care of yourself, Amed Art Gallery, Diyarbakir, Turkey. 2010, “Taswir – Pictorial Mappings of Modernity and Islam, Martin-Gropius-Bau Museum, Berlin. 2009 PlanetK, The 53rd International Art Exhibition, Venice. “Iraq’s Past Speaks to the Present” at the British Museum, London. “Modernism and Iraq”, Miriam & Ira Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University in the City of New York, USA. 2008 Permanent art collection, Imperial War Museum, London. Occupied Space 08, Art for Palestine, Qattan Foundation, London. Word into Art, Dubai International Finance Centre. “Space Now”, The Triangle, London. Re-Orientations, European Parliament, Brussels. 2004 Contemporary Arts Society, London. The Museum Hall, Sulaymania. 2003 The National Museum in Cracow, Poland. 2002 The Historical Museum of The City of Vienna. 10th Asian Art Biennale, Dahka, Bangladesh. 2001 International Art Biennale Dialogue, St. Petersburg, Russia. 5th Sharjah International Arts Biennal, Sharjah, UAE.

Public Collection include, The Metropolitan Museum, New York. The British Museum, London. The Imperial War Museum, London. The National Gallery of Amman, Jordan. The World Bank, Washington, DC. Victoria & Albert Museum, London. The Iraq Memory Foundation. Art for American Embassy program, USA. Barjeel Art Foundation, UAE.

Urban Zoo, Art Exhibition by Nadim Karam

Urban Zoo, Art Exhibition by Nadim Karam: Ayyam Gallery Beirut is pleased to present Urban Zoo, a solo exhibition of new paintings and sculpture by acclaimed Lebanese artist, writer and architect Nadim Karam. The exhibition opened on the 29th of August 2013 and will run until the 10th of October 2013.

Nadim Karam uses painting and sculpture to develop his characters and narratives, frequently returning to the symbol of 'The Cloud' to represent freedom and escape in a changing landscape. The artist is renowned for his public sculpture projects which he uses to humanise urban spaces. Karam encourages interaction with the public sculpture he creates; referring to them as Urban Toys, he invites people to consider the space around these surreal forms; to touch and climb them, and adopt them as part of the living cityscape.

On show at Ayyam Gallery Beirut will be a series of crystal pieces, through which Karam further develops the ideas found in his large scale architectural interventions across the globe. Here they are scaled down to provide the viewer an intimate experience with an object, rather than encountering a structure in an expansive urban space. Domestic and functional buttons masquerade as precious stones in the jewelled Queen of Spades (2013) and the iridescent monochrome The Cloud House (2013). Karam tell stories through the brightly coloured, abstracted forms, borrowing from existing mythology and fairy tales.

Karam will also present a series of small scale stainless steel sculptures drawing from his vocabulary of recurring characters and symbols. The figures making up this series are shown in profile and formed from intricate lattice work, giving them a sense of lightness. Dream Girl (2013) has wings in place of arms, lifting them to take flight; in Couple (2013), two joyful figures run in unison, hands entwined; while Elephant (2013) stands proud and unyielding. Forms embedded in the framework of these sculptures invite the viewer to uncover characters and narratives hidden within the larger structure.

Several new paintings by Karam will feature in the exhibition, including paintings based on the emblematic shape of the elephant, and exploring the themes of the ‘Cultural Warrior’ and the ‘Urban Zoo’. A preview of several monumental new sculptures will also be on show in the Piazza of Platinum Tower outside of the gallery for a period of the exhibition; these large-scale sculptures will be a highlight of Karam’s forthcoming show at Ayyam Gallery Al Quoz opening in Dubai on 30 September 2013.


About the Artist
Born in 1957 in Senegal, Nadim Karam now lives and works in Beirut. In 1996, he established Atelier Hapsitus (www.hapsitus.com), a satellite grouping of young Lebanese architects and designers, that seeks to create an original urban vocabulary though large-scale art installation and architectural works for various cities worldwide. Karam’s work has appeared in numerous solo and group exhibitions worldwide, as well as biennales including Venice, Liverpool, and Gwangju. Previous solo exhibitions include: Ayyam Gallery London (2013); DIFC Gate, Dubai (2010); Sultan Gallery, Kuwait (2008); Al-Bustan, Lebanon (2006). Selected group shows include: Institut du Monde Arabe, Paris and Abu Dhabi (2013); Villa Empain Exhibition, Brussels (2012); Chatsworth House (2011), Royal College of Art, London (2011); Running Horse Contemporary Art Space, Lebanon (2011); Katzen Arts Centre, Washington (2010); American University Museum, Washington (2010); Ayyam Gallery Al Quoz, Dubai (2009); Liverpool Independent Art Biennale (2006).
About Ayyam Gallery
Founded by collectors and cousins Khaled and Hisham Samawi in Damascus in 2006, Ayyam Gallery sought to nurture Syria’s burgeoning and dynamic contemporary art scene through landmark non-profit initiatives such as the Shabab Ayyam Project, an incubator for emerging artists. Expansion into Beirut and Dubai enabled Ayyam Gallery to broaden its scope from the promotion of work by Syrian artists to those from the wider Middle East region. In doing so, Ayyam Gallery has established itself as one of the foremost exponents of Middle Eastern contemporary art to the international community.
Today, Ayyam Gallery is recognised as a leading cultural voice in the region, representing a roster of Arab and Iranian artists with an international profile and museum presence, such as Abdulnasser Gharem, Khaled Jarrar, Nadim Karam, Safwan Dahoul, Samia Halaby, Sadik Alfraji, Afshin Pirhashemi and Khaled Takreti. A number of non-commercial exhibitions, as well as the launch of initiatives like The Young Collectors Auction, have further succeeded in showcasing the work of Middle Eastern artists with the aim of educating a wider audience about the art of this significant region. Ayyam Gallery Damascus currently functions as a studio and creative haven for artists who remain in the war-torn city. In early 2013, Ayyam Gallery launched new spaces in London and Jeddah.